The Mandibular Foramen Through Which the Inferior Dental Nerve
On the inner surface of the mandible (lingual) anteriorly at the midline close to the lower border is a roughened oval depression called the digastric fossa which is the area of attachment of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Also at the midline can be found the superior genial tubercles which provide attachment for the genioglossus muscle, and the inferior genial tubercles, which provide attachment for the geniohyoid muscle.
There is a crest, the mylohyoid line, on the lingual surface extending from the third molar diagonally downwards and forwards from which the mylohyoid muscle takes its origin. Just below the mylohyoid line is a depression called the submandibular fossa which accommodates the submandiblular salivary gland; above the mylohyoid line anteriorly is the sublingual fossa which accommodates the sublingual salivary gland.
In the centre of the inner surface of the ramus is the mandibular foramen through which the inferior dental (alveolar) nerve and artery enter the inferior dental canal. Anteriorly to the mandibular foramen is a small projection of bone called the lingula which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament. In the region of the mandibular angle is attached the masseter muscle on the outside and the medial pterygoid on the
inside.
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